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Construction Reference Charts
170 free look-up charts for the numbers you check mid-task — conductor ampacities, conduit fill, grounding sizes, fixture units, drain and gas pipe sizing — with the governing code section cited on every page. Pick your trade.
Electrical
26 CHARTSConductor, conduit, and grounding look-up charts for sizing and code checks.
CONDUCTORS & AMPACITY
- AMPWire Ampacity ChartCu & Al ampacity at 60 / 75 / 90°C by size.NEC 310.16
- ×0.8Ampacity Correction & Adjustment FactorsAmbient & bundling derate multipliers.NEC 310.15(B)(1) & 310.15(C)(1)
- DIMWire Dimensions ChartDiameter & area by insulation type and size.NEC Chapter 9, Table 5
- Ω/kftWire Resistance ChartDC resistance & stranding by AWG / kcmil.NEC Chapter 9, Table 8
CONDUIT, RACEWAY & TRAY
- FILLConduit Size & Fill ChartUsable fill area by trade size, EMT to PVC.NEC Chapter 9, Tables 1 & 4
- LBConduit Bodies ChartLB, LL, LR, T & X decoded, with form profiles.NEC 314.16(C)
- CTFCable Tray Fill ChartAllowable tray fill by width, ladder & solid.NEC 392.22
- MAXTHHN Conduit Wire Capacity ChartMax THHN counts per conduit type and size.NEC Annex C
GROUNDING & BONDING
- GNDGround Wire Size ChartMinimum EGC size by breaker or fuse rating.NEC 250.122
- GECGrounding Electrode Conductor ChartGEC size from the service-entrance conductor.NEC 250.66
- MBJBonding Jumper Size ChartMBJ / SSBJ & grounded conductor by supply size.NEC 250.102(C)(1)
- TRAYCable Tray Grounding ChartTray metal area to serve as the EGC, by OCPD.NEC 392.60(A)
MOTORS & TRANSFORMERS
MOTOR CIRCUITS & STARTERS
- SZ 1NEMA Starter Size ChartSizes 00–9: max HP per voltage, plus amps.NEMA ICS 2
- 175%Motor Circuit Protection ChartMax fuse & breaker % of FLA, plus overloads.NEC 430.52 / 430.32
- MTRMotor Circuit Data ChartWire, fuse, breaker, starter & switch per HP.NEC 430 / NEMA ICS 2
- AC-3IEC vs NEMA Starter ChartAC-1–AC-4 duties and the NEMA trade-offs.IEC 60947-4-1
DISCONNECTS & FUSES
ENCLOSURES & RECEPTACLES
Plumbing
20 CHARTSFixture units, drainage sizing, and pipe look-up tables — IPC and UPC labeled.
DRAINAGE, WASTE & VENT
- DFUDrainage Fixture Unit (DFU) ChartDFU values per fixture, IPC & UPC side by side.IPC 709.1 / UPC 702.1
- DRNDrain Pipe Size ChartDrain & building-drain size from total DFU.IPC 710.1 / UPC 703.2
- BLDGBuilding Drain & Sewer Capacity ChartMax DFU on building drain & sewer, by slope.IPC 710.1(1) / UPC 703.2
- VENTVent Pipe Size ChartVent size from DFU and developed length.IPC 906.1 / UPC 703.2
- SLPDrain Pipe Slope ChartMinimum grade per pipe size, IPC & UPC.IPC 704.1 / UPC 708.1
- TRAPFixture Trap Size ChartMin trap & trap-arm size per fixture, IPC & UPC.IPC 709.1 / UPC 702.1
WATER SUPPLY SIZING
- WSFUWater Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) ChartWSFU per fixture, with GPM demand conversion.IPC E103.3 / UPC 610
- GPMWSFU to GPM Conversion ChartDesign GPM from total WSFU, both system types.IPC E103.3(3)
- WTRWater Pipe Sizing ChartSupply pipe & meter size from WSFU and length.UPC 610.4 / IPC 604.3
- FLOWFixture Water Demand ChartMax GPM & GPF per fixture, code & WaterSense.IPC 604.4 / EPAct 1992
FUEL GAS PIPING
- GASNatural Gas Pipe Sizing ChartPipe size from BTU load and longest run.NFPA 54 / IFGC 402
- CSSTCSST Gas Sizing ChartNatural gas CSST capacity by EHD & length.NFPA 54 / manufacturer
- LPLP / Propane Pipe Sizing ChartPropane pipe capacity by size & length.NFPA 58 / NFPA 54
- BTUGas Appliance BTU Demand ChartTypical gas appliance input BTU/hr.Manufacturer / code
STORM & GREASE
SPECIALTY PIPING
- AIRCompressed Air Pipe Sizing ChartCompressed air pipe SCFM by size.Engineering
- MEDMedical Gas ReferenceMedical gas systems, colors & sizing.NFPA 99
- RECIRCHot Water Return Sizing ChartRecirculation return line sizing.Engineering
- PDIWater Hammer Arrestor ChartPDI arrestor size A–F by fixture units.PDI-WH201
HVAC & Mechanical
34 CHARTSDuct sizing, airflow, static pressure, and sheet-metal look-up tables.
DUCT SIZING & AIRFLOW
- CFMDuct Sizing ChartCFM per round duct size at design friction rates.ASHRAE Fundamentals
- DeRectangular to Round Duct Conversion ChartEqual-friction rect ↔ round duct equivalents.ASHRAE Fundamentals
- ΔPDuct Friction Loss ChartLoss per 100 ft by CFM and duct diameter.Darcy-Weisbach (computed)
- FLEXFlex Duct CFM ChartTaut flex vs rigid CFM, plus the slack penalty.LBNL / ADC / UL 181
- FPMAir Velocity ChartRecommended FPM for ducts, grilles & coils.ASHRAE / ACCA lineage
LOAD & SYSTEM RULES
SHEET METAL & CONSTRUCTION
REFRIGERANT P-T CHARTS
- R410AR-410A Pressure-Temperature ChartR-410A saturation pressure by temperature.Refrigerant property data
- R454BR-454B Pressure-Temperature ChartR-454B P-T, the A2L R-410A replacement.Refrigerant property data
- R32R-32 Pressure-Temperature ChartR-32 saturation pressure by temperature.Refrigerant property data
- R22R-22 Pressure-Temperature ChartR-22 P-T for legacy system service.Refrigerant property data
REFRIGERANT SERVICE & DESIGN
- SH/SCSuperheat & Subcooling ReferenceSuperheat & subcooling targets and method.Manufacturer / field
- LINERefrigerant Line Sizing ChartSuction & liquid line size by tonnage.Manufacturer / ASHRAE
- A2LRefrigerant Comparison ChartR-22 / 410A / 454B / 32: class, GWP, glide.ASHRAE 34
- TXVMetering Device & TXV ReferenceMetering device types & TXV sizing.Manufacturer
EQUIPMENT REFERENCE
LOAD & CONVERSIONS
PSYCHROMETRICS & HEAT
VENTILATION & COMBUSTION AIR
- CFM/PVentilation Rate ChartOutdoor air CFM/person & /sqft, 62.1.ASHRAE 62.1
- ACHAir Changes Per Hour ChartAir changes per hour by space type.ASHRAE / mech. code
- FPMDiffuser & Grille Sizing ChartDiffuser & grille face velocity, CFM.Manufacturer / ASHRAE
- ECONEconomizer & Outside Air ReferenceEconomizer & OA damper requirements.ASHRAE 90.1
- COMBCombustion Air Sizing ChartCombustion air volume & opening sizing.IMC / NFPA 54
UNIT CONVERSIONS
- kWBTU / Watts / kW Conversion ChartBTU/h ↔ kW ↔ watts ↔ tons, tabulated.Computed (NIST SP 811)
- °F°CTemperature Conversion Chart°F ↔ °C, −40 to 250, design points marked.Computed (exact)
- in.wcPressure Conversion Chartin.wc, psi, Pa, kPa & bar, both directions.Computed (ISO 80000-4)
- L/sAirflow Conversion ChartCFM ↔ L/s ↔ m³/h at common airflows.Computed (exact)
Fire Alarm
30 CHARTSStrobe candela, detector spacing, and device-placement look-up tables for NFPA 72 layout.
NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
- cdStrobe Candela ChartWall-mount strobe candela by room size.NFPA 72 Table 18.5.5.7.1(a)
- ◎cdCeiling Strobe Candela ChartCeiling strobe candela by room & height.NFPA 72 Table 18.5.5.7.1(b)
- ‖‖Corridor Strobe Spacing Chart15 cd corridor spacing & placement.NFPA 72 18.5.5.8
- dBAAudible dBA Requirements ChartPublic / private levels & ambient dBA.NFPA 72 18.4
DETECTION LAYOUT & SPACING
- SDSmoke Detector Spacing Chart30 ft spacing & the 0.7 point rule.NFPA 72 17.7.4.2.3.1
- HDHeat Detector Spacing ChartSpacing reduction by ceiling height.NFPA 72 Table 17.6.3.5.1
- ±3′Detector Placement RulesWalls, HVAC, beams & sloped ceilings.NFPA 72 17.7.4
- °FHeat Detector Temperature ChartTemp classes, ranges & color codes.NFPA 72 Table 17.6.2.1
MOUNTING & MANUAL STATIONS
POWER & BATTERIES
NAC CIRCUITS & WIRING
- VdNAC Voltage Drop ChartEnd-of-line voltage by gauge & run length.Computed · 24 VDC
- AWGFire Alarm Wire Size ChartMax NAC run length by gauge & load.Computed · 24 VDC
- mANAC Current Draw ChartTypical horn/strobe current by candela.Manufacturer typical
- EOLEnd-of-Line Resistor ChartTypical end-of-line resistor by panel.Manufacturer typical
CABLE & PATHWAYS
- FPLPFire Alarm Cable TypesFPL, FPLR, FPLP & CI cable decoded.NEC 760.176 & 760.179
- SUBCable Substitution HierarchyWhich cables may replace which.NEC Table 760.154
- A/XPathway Class ChartPathway Class A, B, C, D, E, N & X.NFPA 72 12.3
- PLPower-Limited vs Non-Power-LimitedPower-limited vs non-power-limited.NEC 760 Parts II & III
SYSTEM INTERFACES
- DUCTDuct Smoke Detector RequirementsDuct smoke detectors by CFM & action.IMC 606 / NFPA 90A
- ELEVElevator Recall & Shunt TripPhase 1 recall & shunt-trip triggers.NFPA 72 21.3 / ASME A17.1
- FLOWSprinkler Monitoring ReferenceWaterflow & tamper: alarm vs supervisory.NFPA 72 17.12–17.14
- HOLDDoor Holder & Damper InterfaceDoor holders & fire/smoke dampers.NFPA 72 / 80 / 90A
- SMKSmoke Control InterfaceSmoke control & firefighter override.NFPA 92 / IBC 909
VOICE EVACUATION
Telecom & Data
40 CHARTSPinouts, cable categories, PoE power, and pathway look-up tables for structured cabling.
PINOUTS & TERMINATION
- RJ45T568A vs T568B WiringBoth RJ45 pinouts, pin by pin.ANSI/TIA-568
- 8P8CRJ Connector PinoutsRJ11 to RJ45 — positions, contacts, lines.USOC / TIA-568
- 66/11066 & 110 Block Reference66 vs 110 blocks — rows, clips & use.USOC / TIA-568
- W-BL25-Pair Color CodeAll 25 pairs, tip and ring, in order.ICEA / Bell convention
CABLE CATEGORIES & DISTANCE
CODE, RATINGS & PATHWAYS
FIBER IDENTIFICATION & CONNECTORS
- 12FFiber Optic Color CodeThe 12-color sequence, tubes & jackets.TIA-598
- LCFiber Connector TypesLC to MPO — ferrules, latches & colors.TIA-568.3 / convention
- 9/50Multimode vs Singlemode FiberCore, source, reach & cost, side by side.comparison
- A·B·CMPO Polarity MethodsMethods A, B & C — cords, keys & pins.TIA-568.3-D
FIBER DISTANCE & WAVELENGTHS
FIBER LOSS & TESTING
PATHWAYS & INSTALLATION
- TRAYData Cable Tray FillComms tray fill & depth by tray size.TIA-569 practice / NEC 392
- 4×ODBend Radius & Pulling TensionBend radius & max pull by cable type.TIA-568 / mfr specs
- ⚡60WPoE Bundle AmpacityBundled PoE amps by AWG & bundle size.NEC 725.144
- 24″OSP Burial Depths & SeparationsComms burial depths & power separation.NEC Ch.8 / RUS practice
ROOMS, RACKS & GROUNDING
DESIGN & ADMINISTRATION
SECURITY & ACCESS CONTROL
COAX & RF DISTRIBUTION
AV & SOUND
Excavation & Sitework
20 CHARTSTrench safety, soil classification, and OSHA protective-system look-up tables for sitework.
SLOPING, BENCHING & SOIL
PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
- 5ftTrench Protective SystemsThe 5 ft rule & the four design options.OSHA 1926.652
- SHORTrench Shoring ReferenceTimber & hydraulic shoring frameworks.OSHA 1926 Subpart P App C/D
- BOXTrench Box & Shield RulesThe 2 ft rule, ratings & combo setups.OSHA 1926.652(g)
- >20′Deep Excavation RulesThe 20 ft line & when a PE must design.OSHA 1926.652
SITE SAFETY & UTILITIES
EARTHWORK VOLUMES & MATERIALS
- +25%Swell & Shrink Factor ChartSwell & shrink ranges by material.geotech-typical ranges
- lb/CYMaterial Weight ChartLbs per CY, bank & loose, in ranges.published ranges
- B→L→CEarthwork Volume ConversionsBCY / LCY / CCY with worked math.computed
- ÷27Cubic Yard CalculationsL×W×D÷27 and the section methods.computed
- C/FCut & Fill ReferenceBalance math — where swell & shrink bite.practice
HAULING, LOADING & SOIL HANDLING
- 14CYDump Truck Capacity ChartCY & payload by truck — weight governs.practice / DOT limits
- 90%Bucket Capacity & Fill FactorsHeaped ratings & fill factors by material.SAE / mfr-typical
- 6″Topsoil Stripping ReferenceStrip depths, stockpiles & respread.practice
- FILLFill Material TypesStructural to unsuitable, decoded.spec practice
- OMCSoil Moisture ReferenceOMC, the ±2% window & field fixes.geotech practice
ALL 170 CHARTS BY TRADE
Electrical26
- Wire Ampacity Chart
- Ampacity Correction & Adjustment Factors
- Wire Dimensions Chart
- Wire Resistance Chart
- Conduit Size & Fill Chart
- Conduit Bodies Chart
- Cable Tray Fill Chart
- THHN Conduit Wire Capacity Chart
- Ground Wire Size Chart
- Grounding Electrode Conductor Chart
- Bonding Jumper Size Chart
- Cable Tray Grounding Chart
- Motor Full-Load Current Chart
- Transformer Overcurrent Protection Chart
- MV Transformer Protection Chart
- NEMA Starter Size Chart
- Motor Circuit Protection Chart
- Motor Circuit Data Chart
- IEC vs NEMA Starter Chart
- Safety Switch Ratings Chart
- Motor Disconnect Rules Chart
- Fuse Class Chart
- NEMA Enclosure Ratings Chart
- NEMA Plug & Receptacle Chart
- Hazardous Locations Chart
- Hazardous Location Wiring & Sealing Chart
Plumbing20
- Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU) Chart
- Drain Pipe Size Chart
- Building Drain & Sewer Capacity Chart
- Vent Pipe Size Chart
- Drain Pipe Slope Chart
- Fixture Trap Size Chart
- Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) Chart
- WSFU to GPM Conversion Chart
- Water Pipe Sizing Chart
- Fixture Water Demand Chart
- Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Chart
- CSST Gas Sizing Chart
- LP / Propane Pipe Sizing Chart
- Gas Appliance BTU Demand Chart
- Storm Drain Sizing Chart
- Grease Interceptor Sizing Chart
- Compressed Air Pipe Sizing Chart
- Medical Gas Reference
- Hot Water Return Sizing Chart
- Water Hammer Arrestor Chart
HVAC & Mechanical34
- Duct Sizing Chart
- Rectangular to Round Duct Conversion Chart
- Duct Friction Loss Chart
- Flex Duct CFM Chart
- Air Velocity Chart
- CFM Per Ton Chart
- Static Pressure Chart
- Sheet Metal Gauge Chart
- Duct Gauge Chart
- Duct Hanger Spacing Chart
- R-410A Pressure-Temperature Chart
- R-454B Pressure-Temperature Chart
- R-32 Pressure-Temperature Chart
- R-22 Pressure-Temperature Chart
- Superheat & Subcooling Reference
- Refrigerant Line Sizing Chart
- Refrigerant Comparison Chart
- Metering Device & TXV Reference
- Run & Start Capacitor Reference
- Fan Laws Reference
- Cooling Load Rules of Thumb
- Heating Load by Climate Zone
- BTU / Tonnage / CFM Conversion
- Psychrometric Reference
- Heat Load Formulas
- Ventilation Rate Chart
- Air Changes Per Hour Chart
- Diffuser & Grille Sizing Chart
- Economizer & Outside Air Reference
- Combustion Air Sizing Chart
- BTU / Watts / kW Conversion Chart
- Temperature Conversion Chart
- Pressure Conversion Chart
- Airflow Conversion Chart
Fire Alarm30
- Strobe Candela Chart
- Ceiling Strobe Candela Chart
- Corridor Strobe Spacing Chart
- Audible dBA Requirements Chart
- Smoke Detector Spacing Chart
- Heat Detector Spacing Chart
- Detector Placement Rules
- Heat Detector Temperature Chart
- Device Mounting Heights Chart
- Pull Station Placement Chart
- Standby Battery Calculation
- SLA Battery Size Chart
- NAC Voltage Drop Chart
- Fire Alarm Wire Size Chart
- NAC Current Draw Chart
- End-of-Line Resistor Chart
- Fire Alarm Cable Types
- Cable Substitution Hierarchy
- Pathway Class Chart
- Power-Limited vs Non-Power-Limited
- Duct Smoke Detector Requirements
- Elevator Recall & Shunt Trip
- Sprinkler Monitoring Reference
- Door Holder & Damper Interface
- Smoke Control Interface
- Speaker Tap & dB Chart
- Voice Intelligibility Reference
- CO Detection Chart
- Projected Beam Detector Spacing
- Pathway Survivability Levels
Telecom & Data40
- T568A vs T568B Wiring
- RJ Connector Pinouts
- 66 & 110 Block Reference
- 25-Pair Color Code
- Ethernet Cable Categories
- Ethernet Distance Limits
- Shielded Cable Types
- PoE Wattage Chart
- Cable Jacket Fire Ratings
- Cat6 Conduit Fill Chart
- Fiber Optic Color Code
- Fiber Connector Types
- Multimode vs Singlemode Fiber
- MPO Polarity Methods
- Fiber Optic Distance Chart
- Transceiver Reach Chart
- Fiber Wavelengths & Bands
- Fiber Loss Budget Calculation
- Fiber Insertion Loss Limits
- Fiber Testing Reference
- Data Cable Tray Fill
- Bend Radius & Pulling Tension
- PoE Bundle Ampacity
- OSP Burial Depths & Separations
- Telecom Room Sizing
- Rack Units & Dimensions
- Telecom Grounding & Bonding
- Structured Cabling Subsystems
- Cable Labeling & Administration
- Copper Certification Testing
- Security Camera Cable & Distance
- Access Control Wire Chart
- Low-Voltage DC Voltage Drop
- Coax Cable Comparison
- Coax Splitter & Tap Loss
- AV Signal Distance Chart
- 70V Speaker System Reference
- Wi-Fi Channels & Bands
- Wireless AP Density Estimating
- ERRCS / DAS Reference
Excavation & Sitework20
- OSHA Trench Slope Chart
- OSHA Soil Classification
- Trench Benching Chart
- Trench Protective Systems
- Trench Shoring Reference
- Trench Box & Shield Rules
- Deep Excavation Rules
- Trench Safety Quick Rules
- Utility Locate Reference
- Dewatering Reference
- Swell & Shrink Factor Chart
- Material Weight Chart
- Earthwork Volume Conversions
- Cubic Yard Calculations
- Cut & Fill Reference
- Dump Truck Capacity Chart
- Bucket Capacity & Fill Factors
- Topsoil Stripping Reference
- Fill Material Types
- Soil Moisture Reference
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